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Naissance des premiers standards de l’Or Équitable
Les premiers travaux d’élaboration de normes internationales visant à appliquer les principes du commerce équitable à l’Or ont débuté en 2005, à l’initiative de l’Alliance pour l’exploitation Minière Responsable, ARM (Alliance for Responsible Mining).
L'application des conventions et des normes du commerce équitable vise, depuis l’origine des travaux de l’ARM, à établir, au sein de l’industrie minière, un cadre d’exploitation spécifique pour les artisans mineurs, leurs familles et leurs organisations, afin de leur permettre :
- d'échapper au cercle vicieux de l'économie de subsistance et pouvoir accéder à l’éducation, aux soins médicaux, et à un épanouissement humain acceptable ;
- de profiter de meilleures conditions d'échange commercial par le biais d’une distribution plus équitable de la valeur du produit final (par exemple une bague en or), ceci pour les petits producteurs et ouvriers miniers, et le reste des intermédiaires de la chaîne de services et d’approvisionnements, depuis la mine, jusqu'à la vente au consommateur ;
- d'atteindre plus facilement le marché et consolider leur position dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement par le biais d'associations plus puissantes, par davantage de relations de vente directe, d'informations, d'alliances avec d'autres petits producteurs, etc. ;
- d’améliorer les conditions sociales, de travail et environnementales dans les communautés minières afin d’obtenir une meilleure qualité de vie.
L’ARM a donc constitué un comité technique en charge de la rédaction des standards zéro de l’Or Équitable issu des normes du commerce équitable développées par FLO. Depuis 2006, ces standards ont fait l’objet de multiples consultations publiques avant de déboucher sur la naissance du label Fairtrade & Fairmined pour l’Or Équitable en mars 2010.
Le dernier post du blog de Patrick Schein
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